Complex Medical and Social Needs in Early Childhood

Children and families with complex health and social needs often require services and interventions from numerous sectors and the associated providers, state agencies, or programs. This assortment of programs may require families to navigate different eligibility criteria, enrollment processes, and administrative hurdles to access each one. Recent federal and state policy activity has focused on building a more robust and interconnected care system for children with complex needs.

This 4-part series explores the experiences of Oregon children enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP who face complex health and social challenges during early childhood. This series provides key insights into the care journeys of these children and highlights opportunities to strengthen the integration of services through informed policy updates.

  • Part 1: Overview and policy context – Provides context and policy considerations for state decision makers around the care system for young children with complex health and social needs. It also presents data on the prevalence of chronic health conditions for the cohort, and how often they encountered different social and environmental experiences.
  • Part 2: Public program participation – Examines which public support programs children with chronic health conditions enrolled in Medicaid/CHIP encountered during early childhood. Provides a detailed look at the receipt of early intervention and home visiting services among eligible children.
  • Part 3: Health states and health service use – Details the types of chronic health conditions our study population experienced between ages 0 and 5 and health care service use including well-child visits, emergency department visits, and hospital utilization.
  • Part 4: Early education – Explores early education and special service access and outcomes during the kindergarten-to-3rd grade period.

Visit the interactive tool to further explore the data presented in this series.

Highlighted Key Findings

More young children and families with chronic conditions participated in early childhood support programs than those without, but there is a large gap between eligibility and receipt of key services

  • Program participation was highest among children with complex chronic conditions
  • Less than 40% of children with qualifying EI or ECSE diagnoses received services
  • 15% of children eligible for home-visiting services through the Babies First! or Maternity Case Management (MCM) program received them
  • Among children with qualifying EI or ECSE diagnoses, more children with chronic conditions received services than those without chronic conditions

Featured Data Visualization

Percentage of children eligible for and enrolled in services by medical complexity

Chart showing the percentage of children who were likely eligible for EI/ECSE and Babies First!/MCM and the percent of those who enrolled in the programs. Of children with complex chronic conditions, 75% were eligible for EI/ECSE and 60% of those eligible enrolled in the program. This is compared with 52% eligible and 41% enrolled for children with noncomplex chronic conditions and 17% eligible and 14% enrolled for children with nonchronic conditions.</p>
<p>For Babies First/MCM the percentages were 92% eligible, 21% enrolled for children with complex chronic conditions; 91% eligible, 17% enrolled for children with noncomplex chronic conditions; and 89% eligible and 13% enrolled for children with nonchronic conditions.

Related OCID Resources

Interactive Displays of Early-childhood Program Participation

Screen shot of Interactive Displays of Early-childhood Program Participation

Examine relationships between participation in select public childhood programs and subsequent early educational outcomes for children born in Oregon.

Early Program Participation: Part 3 – Associations Between Program Participation and Educational Outcomes

Table showing participation in selected program pairs

Read the policy brief to learn about associations between dual-program participation and educational outcomes, and whether those associations vary by different child and family characteristics.